There are many choices when it comes to trellis systems with each system suited to different climates and grape varieties. All systems have the main purpose of getting the vine off the ground so the grapes get plenty of sun and they are protected from disease and rot. In winter climates growers use high trellises to keep the canopy high off the ground away from colder air that hangs close to the ground. We will describe the common trellis systems in use and explain which varieties and climates they are designed for. The other consideration in choosing a trellis system is the training system you will use for you vines.
Two Wire Trellis. This is one of the most common trellises in use today. It consists of posts 5 feet above ground level firmly anchored about 20 feet apart. A wire is strung between the posts at the top of the post and a second wire is strung 12-14 inches below the top wire. This system will adapt to most all varieties of grapes. In colder regions use posts about 2 feet longer.
Three Wire Trellis. This is a little more work, but well worth it. It uses posts installed with 6 feet above the ground. String the top wire and add two more wires 12 inches and 24 inches below the top wire. The nice thing about this system is it allows extra places to tie loose canes and allows more sun light into the canopy. This system has become the standard for new plantings in California.
Lyre or Movable Wire Trellis. The purpose of this system is to raise the new year's growth upward so grapes will hang with open air under the cluster. This system maximizes exposure to the sun and prevents rot and mildews. This system is more expensive and requires wider rows so it is not as common. This system uses a metal post shaped like a Y with the tips of the Y about 3 feet apart and 5 feet above the ground. Four wires are strung with two at the tips of the Y and two 12 inches below the top wire
Geneva Double Curtain Trellis. This is the perfect trellis for very vigorous varieties. It provides the most sunlight for all the leaves and gets the vine high to get the greatest benefit of warm air. It is shaped like a T and uses posts that are 6 feet above the ground with a 4 foot crossbar at the top of the post. It is a 3 wire system with wires strung at the end of each crossbar and one on the main post about 3 feet above the ground. As is the case with the Lyre system, this system costs more and requires wider rows.
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